一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变 y 为 i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries以“f 或 fe”结尾,变 f 或 fe 为 v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives不规则名词复数:man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-micechild-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese不成数名词的复数就是原形:paper,juice, water, milk, rice, tea
(二)名词的格
(1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格:a) 单数后加 s 如: Lucys ruler, my fathers shirtb) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’ 如: his friends bagsc) 不以s 结尾的复数后加s childrens shoes并列名词中,如果把 s加在最后一个名词后,表示共有, 如:Tom and Mikes car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车要表示所有物不是共有的,应别离在并列名词后加s, 如:Toms and Mikes cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车 (2) 表示无生命东西的名词通常用“of +名词”来表示所有关系:如: a picture of the classroom a map of China
冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类
(1) 不定冠词:a / an a unit / an uncle
元音开头的可数名词前用an :
an egg / an apple / an orange
(2) 定冠词:the
the egg / the plane
2. 用法:
定冠词的用法:
特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk.复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys arent at school.在序数词前: Johns birthday is February the second.用于固定词组中: in the morning / afternoon / evening
不消冠词的情况:
专有名词前:China is a big country.名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:This is my baseball.复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys cant swim. They are teachers.在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. Its Sunday.一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.球类 棋类运动前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.* 但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well.学科名称前:My favorite subject is music.在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li.固定词组中:at noon at night by bus
代词、形容词、副词
代词:人称代词,物主代词
形容词,副词:比力级,最高级
(一)、形容词的比力级
1. 形容词比力级在句子中的运用:
两个事物或人的比力用比力级,比力级后面一般带有单词 than。比力级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(白话中可用宾格)。
Im a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.
(2) 否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:
Im not a student. She is not (isnt) a doctor.He does not (doesnt) work in a hospital. There are not (arent) four fans in our classroom.He will not (wont) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didnt) watch TV yesterday evening.
2. 疑问句
一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必需用“yes",或“no”来回答。
特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词 (what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等) 开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用“yes /no”来回答。 3.There be句型
There be 句型与have, has的区别
1、There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)2、在there be 句型中,主语是单数,be 动词用is ; 主语是复数,be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品,be 动词按照最*近be 动词的阿谁名词决定。3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把 be 动词调到句首。4、there be 句型与have(has) 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人); have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。5、some 和 any 在 there be 句型中的运用:some 用于必定句, any 用于否定句或疑问句。6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用:and 用于必定句, or 用于否定句或疑问句。7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语?How much + 不成数名词 + is there + 介词短语?8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:Whats + 介词短语?